MANHAJ ULAMA HADIS MUTAQADDIMIN, MUTA’AKHKHIRIN DAN MU‘ASIRIN DALAM TAQWIYAH HADIS HASAN DAN DA‘IF

METHODOLOGY OF MUTAQADDIMIN, MUTA’AKHKHIRIN AND MU‘ASIRIN HADITH SCHOLARS IN TAQWIYAH HASAN AND WEAK HADITH

Abstract

Several methodologies have been utilized by hadith scholars in engaging taqwiyah al-hadith irrespective of amongst the mutaqaddimin, muta’akhkhirin or the mu‘asirin scholars. In this regard, a number of scholars argue that weak hadith should not be upgraded in absolute in spite of having various chain of transmitters. While certain number of other hadith scholars are of the view that weak hadith may become hasan li ghayrih when it fulfills a number of specified conditions. The diversity of methodologies in excercizing taqwiyah al-hadith impacts in the various evaluations of the status of a particular hadith. This article therefore intends to study the diversity of the methodologies practised by the hadith scholars from amongst the mutaqaddimin, muta’akhkhirin and mu‘asirin in excercizing taqwiyah on hasan and weak hadiths. In achieving the objectives, a qualitative research was carried out through data collection method upon hadith works. The collected data was thereafter analyzed based on inductive and deductive methods. The study illustrates that the hadith scholars from all mutaqaddimin, muta’akhkhirin and mu‘asirin eras respectively excercize exclusive methodology in performing taqwiyah al-hadith. In spite of the exclusivity in methodology, their main methods revolve around the study of multiple hadith turuq and scrutiny on the mutaba‘at and syawahid. The difference between their methodologies in taqwiyah al-hadith can be seen in the aspects pertaining to the determination of concrete definitions of hasan and daif hadiths, the acceptance of the Muslim towards the hadiths, taqwiyah al-hadith with zahir al-Qur’an as well as the practises of mujtahids as the basis of taqwiyah al-hadith.